Motivated by computational analyses, we look at how teaching affects exploration and discovery. In prior studies (Lipton & Spelke, 2003), 6-month-old infants discriminated sequences of 8 versus 16 but not 8 versus 12 sounds, and 9-month-old infants discriminated 8 versus 12 but not 8 versus 10 sounds, when the continuous variables of rate, sound duration, a... What are the brain and cognitive systems that allow humans to play baseball, compute square roots, cook souffl茅s, or navigate the Tokyo subways? Reaching and grasping a moving object in 6-, 8-, and 10-month-old infants: Laterality and performance, Infants' Rapid Learning About Self‐Propelled Objects, Discrimination of Large and Small Numerosities by Human Infants, Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge: A case study of mathematics, Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge, Motion and edge sensitivity in perception of object unity, Infants' ability to connect gaze and emotional expression to intentional action, Developmental neuroimaging: A developmental psychologist looks ahead, Recognition and categorization of biologically significant objects by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): The domain of food, Perception and understanding of effects of gravity and inertia, Children's use of geometry and landmarks to reorient in an open space, Language and number: A bilingual training study, Visual Representation in the Wild: How Rhesus Monkeys Parse Objects, Initial knowledge and conceptual change: Space and number, Updating egocentric representations in human navigation, Large number discrimination in 6-month olds, Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition: Dual-Task Studies of Space and Language, Synchronous change and perception of object unity: Evidence from adults and infants, Mechanisms of reorientation and object localization by children: A comparison with rats, Sources of Mathematical Thinking: Behavioral and Brain-Imaging Evidence, COMMENTARIES Innateness, learning and the development of object representation, Nativism, empiricism, and the origins of knowledge, Chapter 11. Infants understand that people pursue goals, but how do they learn which goals people prefer? (For preliminary evidence that infants' preference depends on the imitator's perceptual access to the target's behavior, and for further evidence that infants preferentially approach imitators in a larger sample of participants, tested with the reaching method used here, see. Infants' knowledge of object motion and human action. Ten-month-old infants discriminated between 2 people in mutual versus averted... How does the human brain support abstract concepts such as seven or square? We presented 6-, 8-, and 10... Six experiments investigated 7-month-old infants' capacity to learn about the self-propelled motion of an object. All rights reserved. (revised September 21, 1997) One of the main papers on this faculty is Elizabeth Spelke's "Principles of Object Perception" (1990); the work of Baillargeon (1987) on object permanence is a necessary supplement. Indirect support for the stage concept comes from developmental studies: in childhood, the ability to use landmark knowledge emerges first, followed by route knowledge and then by survey knowledge (e.g., ... Integer numbers are one of the pillars of arithmetic, so they constitute the perfect testbed for developing and testing computational models of mathematical learning. Infants understand that people pursue goals, but how do they learn which goals people prefer? Acquisition of landmark, route, and survey knowledge in a wayfinding task: in stages or in parallel? Substantial evidence indicates that infants expect agents to move directly to their goals when no obstacles block their paths, but the representations that articulate this expectation and its robustness have not been characterized. 1992-42564-001) on the work of N. N. Soja et al (see record Evaluating others is a fundamental feature of human social interaction-we like those who help more than those who hinder. Sort by citations Sort by year Sort by title. Cognitive Psychology 15, 483-524). Does the human capacity for mathematical intuition depend on linguistic competence or on visuo-spatial representations? 1991-27059-001) on ontological categories guiding young children's inductions of word meaning. Here we examine whether and how these systems interact when children interpret 2D edge-based perspectival line drawings of scenes and objects. Some have proposed that children are endowed with a system of natural number concepts, whereas others have argued that children construct these concepts by mastering verbal counting or other numeric symbols. We address outstanding questions about the nature and early development of imitation-based affiliation, through studies of infants' responses to participants in imitative interactions that the infants observed as third parties. Visual object representation was studied in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. The extension of action planning (anticipatory planning) for potential outcomes of behaviour requires knowledge of alternative or occluded perspectives and is related to the complex interactions underpinning social cognition (Green, 1997 ). Each system has deep roots in human phylogeny and ontogeny, and it guides and shapes the mental lives of adults. This st... Young infants are sensitive to self-directed social actions, but do they appreciate the intentional, target-directed nature of such behaviors? Newborn infants were familiarized to a three dimensional display consisting of a rod which moved behind a central occluder, so that only the top and bottom of the rod were visible. Laurent Cohen Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, ICM research center, ... Elizabeth Spelke. Try again later. Infants aged 6 and 10 months, like the 4-month-old infants in previous experiments, inferred that the object's path would be connected and unobstructed, in accord with the principle of continuity. While the precise function each of these regions plays in scene processing is unclear, results from several studies suggest that scene pr... Map reading is unique to humans but present in people of diverse cultures, at ages as young as 4 years. Elizabeth Spelke Previous research has demonstrated that preverbal infants have a preference for individuals who imitate their social partners over those who do not. Russian-English bilingual college students were taught new numerical operations (Experiment 1), new arithmetic equations (Experiments 1 and 2), or new geographical or historical facts involving numerical or non-numerical information (Experiment 3). Do people who speak different languages think differently? As a... Electrophysiological and behavioral studies in many species (e.g., octopus, pigeon, monkey, and human) have demonstrated mirror-image confusion for objects, perhaps because left/right information is rarely important in object recognition (e.g., a cup is the same cup when seen in left or right profile). With the emergence of noninvasive brain imaging, we now have access to the unique neural machinery underlying these early accomplishments. These core knowledge systems show characteristic limits of domain and task specificity: Each serves to represent a particul... Six-month-old infants discriminate between large sets of objects on the basis of numerosity when other extraneous variables are controlled, provided that the sets to be discriminated differ by a large ratio (8 vs. 16 but not 8 vs. 12). Such drawings serve as symbols early in development, and they... We tested the capacity to perceive visual expressions of emotion, and to use those expressions as guides to social decisions, in three groups of 8- to 10-year-old Romanian children: children abandoned to institutions then randomly assigned to remain in ‘care as usual’ (institutional care); children abandoned to institutions then randomly assigned t... Children and adults differentiate statements of religious belief from statements of fact and opinion, but the basis of that differentiation remains unclear. Exact integer concepts are fundamental to a wide array of human activities, but their origins are obscure. Cited by. Harvard. Do children develop these intuitions by drawing on phylogenetically ancient and developmentally precocious geometric representations that guide their navigation and their analysis of object shape? Ontological categories guide young children's inductions of word meaning: Object terms and substance terms, Human spatial representation: Insights from animals.
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