Ii. Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. classic literature The 'Arthaśāstra' is a manual of statecraft. A copy of the Arthashastra in Sanskrit, written on palm leaves, was presented by a Tamil Brahmin from Tanjore to the newly opened Mysore Oriental Library … The Arthaśāstra does not, however, address the moral dimensions of sovereign power or political conduct. arthaśāstra (अर्थशास्त्र).—n The law of secularity, as con- trasted from dharmaśāstra, the law of reli- Even though it does not refer to any historically specific domain, ruler, or set of kingdoms, it is replete with breathtaking empiricism, using a vast and specialised vocabulary to describe in detail a highly urbanised, diversified, and developed economy, polity, and society. All aspects of what we might think of as policy, planning, infrastructure, strategy, security, war, treaties, alliances, law and order, trade, taxation, revenue, property, fortifications, treasury, and defence are covered in a systematic fashion. For the Guptas, the prestige of a tradition of political thought represented by the Arthaśāstra, a text very much under revision during their time, became further enhanced by rooting it firmly in the Mauryan period and by positing its Brahman authorship in this amalgamated but fictitious figure of Cāṇakya-Kauṭilya. People practise a variety of professions. Olivelle’s meticulous scholarship puts to rest the most widely held belief about Kauṭilya – that he was in fact the Brahman Cāṇakya, the prime minister of Candragupta, who founded the Mauryan Empire sometime around 320 BCE. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe. of bhṛ, To be nourished. In his new annotated translation of the Arthaśāstra, Patrick Olivelle, Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit and Indian Religions at the University of Texas at Austin, settles many questions about the date, authorship, architecture, and contents of the text that have dogged scholars since the first modern edition of 1909. The Arthaśāstra has two sections, the first dealing with the governance of the kingdom (tantra, “home affairs,” so to speak), and the second dealing with foreign relations (āvāpa, “external affairs”). Nehru writes about Kauṭilya: “Long before Clausewitz, he is reported to have said that war is only a continuance of state policy by other means.” In this scenario, soul-searching, ascetically inclined, and exilic monarchs like Janaka, Kṛṣṇa, Rāma, Siddhārtha Gautama or Aśoka – kings at odds with power, who are valorised in other traditions of Indian political philosophy – have no place. The royal palace, the marketplace, the brothel, the government office, and the army camp are the hubs of most of the action in the Arthaśāstra, not the temple, the private home, the monastery, or the university. Pr. Nehru’s retelling of prime minister Cāṇakya’s role in the founding of the Mauryan Empire is almost breathless with admiration for this kingmaker, who is somewhat implausibly described as “bold and scheming,” “proud and revengeful,” “simple and austere,” “unscrupulous and rigid,” and yet “wise” and conciliatory – all at once. Bhṛtya (भृत्य).—I. We are helped in temporally locating these materials with some precision, though, by references to coral, gold, and gold coins, which indicate that the text was written at a time when sea trade between India and the Mediterranean lands had already begun, and gold was being both mined and minted into currency on the Indian subcontinent. Wages. The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. Arthaśāstra (अर्थशास्त्र).—One of the 18 vidyas1 Science of Polity pleaded by Indra in extenuation of his destruction of Diti's garbha2 No regard for the śāstra during Pṛthu's reign: Budha learned in;3 to be learnt by a prince.4. Antonyms for statecraft include anarchy, chaos, coup, inferiority, insurrection, lawlessness, mutiny, opposition, powerlessness and revolt. When the Arthaśāstra was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century, and subsequently published in constantly improving editions right into the 1960s, many Indian political thinkers and historians were only too happy to equate its author with the Brahman advisor to Candragupta. ptcple. Discover the meaning of arthashastra or arthasastra in the context of Vastushastra from relevant books on Exotic India. [bhṛ kyap tak ca] To be nourished or maintained &c. -tyaḥ 1 Any one requiring to be supported. 3) A king's servant, minister of state; भृत्यप्रणाशो मरणं नृपाणाम् (bhṛtyapraṇāśo maraṇaṃ nṛpāṇām) H.2.136. m. (-tyaḥ) 1. f. yā, Hire. Discover the meaning of arthashastra or arthasastra in the context of Dharmashastra from relevant books on Exotic India. 2. kumāra-bhṛtyā). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. First things first: what does the title mean? Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin. Consider supporting this website: Part 9 - Fortification (defence and fortification of Rājagṛha), Part 10 - Water-Drainage System (regarding Rājagṛha), Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi, Chapter 43 - Sita is enamoured of the Fawn. By putting Lucretius’s ideas back into circulation after centuries of amnesia about this text, Bracciolini, a so-called book-hunter, inadvertently became “a midwife to modernity.” Greenblatt traces Lucretius’s influence throughout the literature and arts of the Renaissance, a period in Europe’s cultural history that is by very definition about the “rebirth” of Greek and Roman antiquity a thousand or more years later. Even today, almost seven decades after Independence, it takes a genuine effort of scholarly disambiguation to undo the mythical aura that surrounds the Arthaśāstra and its purported author. 1) the science of wealth (political economy). Bhṛtya (भृत्य).—[masculine] dependant, servant, minister of a king; [abstract] tā [feminine], tva [neuter], 1) Bhṛtya (भृत्य):—[from bhṛ] mfn. fut. Derivable forms: arthaśāstram (अर्थशास्त्रम्). The right way to think of the Arthaśāstra, then, is as the apotheosis and distillate of a tradition of political pragmatics in India between the mid-1st century BCE and about 300 CE, of which the greatest exponent was the historical author whose name has survived in connection with this body of knowledge, namely, Kauṭilya. There’s a prefatory table of contents, and a concluding self-reflexive statement showing that the Arthaśāstra itself is a well-constructed text, ideal as a handbook for the ruler of a well-governed kingdom. 4) [v.s. Arthaśāstra (अर्थशास्त्र).—Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra is a well-known text of governance and administration authored probably in the 3rd or 4th century BCE , during the Mauryan era. Arthaśāstra (अर्थशास्त्र) (4th century BCE) by Kauṭilya is one of the most influential treatises of political science. This essay was originally published in Public Books. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. Arthaśāstra is divided into sixteen books dealing with virtually every topic concerned with the running of a state: taxation, law, diplomacy, military strategy, economics, bureaucracy etc.
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